Granite mining is generally divided into the following steps:
Granite mining, first of all, according to resource conditions and market demand, select the first mining area, determine the mining boundary, mining production scale, mining work system, гэх мэт. Mining is carried out on the basis of comprehensive analysis of natural environment, economic and technical conditions. The mining process can be divided into development transportation, stripping and mining.
1. Development transportation and loading
The task of development transportation is to open up the transportation route between the mining industrial area and the working steps in the mining area and the transportation route to the waste rock dump. Common development transportation methods for granite open-pit mines are:
(1) Highway development car transportation, which is flexible and can give full play to the efficiency of loading equipment and is widely used.
(2) Trenchless development mast crane hoisting. This method does not require digging a transportation trench from the surface to the mining step, and directly loads the transportation equipment by mast crane. This method has a small amount of engineering and low investment, but is limited by the capacity and working range of the mast crane and has poor flexibility.
Нэмж хэлэхэд, there are also methods such as slope winch highway development trolley transportation and highway car and mast crane combined development transportation.
There are two types of loading equipment for loading raw materials onto transportation equipment: fixed and mobile. Mast cranes are fixed. Тэд өндөр өргөх өндөр, том өргөх хүчин чадалтай, мөн ачих болон тээвэрлэхэд ашиглагдаж болно. Бүхээгтэй кран болон дугуйтай кранууд нь хөдөлгөөнт ачих тоног төхөөрөмж юм. Тэд уян хатан бөгөөд хөдөлгөөнд амархан, гэхдээ жижиг өргөх өндөр, бага өргөх хүчин чадалтай, мөн том хэмжээтэй түүхий материалыг ачихад тохиромжгүй. Уул уурхайн хог чулуу тээвэрлэхэд ихэвчлэн гар тэрэг ашигладаг, урд ачигч, булдозер, кран, машин болон бусад тоног төхөөрөмж.
2. Түүхий материалыг олборлох үйл явцыг ерөнхийдөө дараах үйлдлээр хувааж болно:
(1) Дээд хөрсний хуулалт: Энэ нь хүдэр олборлоход хялбар болгохын тулд хүдэр хамгаалсан гүйлгэх хөрсний давхарга болон хүдэр бус чулуулагийн давхаргыг хуулдаг процесс юм. Өнөөгийн байдлаар, ихэнх уурхайнууд гар аргаар хуулалт хийдэг, зөвхөн зарим уурхайнууд булдозер, дугуйт ачигч зэрэг механик хуулалт ашигладаг.
(2) Салгаж ялгах: It is the second process of separating the strip blocks from the original rock of the ore layer. Limited by the scale and production methods of existing mines, mining basically uses two methods: manual drilling and controlled blasting. The manual drilling and splitting method is to use traditional manual drilling and wedge splitting. This method is laborious and inefficient, but has a high scrap rate and is easy to shape; the controlled blasting method is to use a handheld pneumatic drill to drill holes and use black powder or small gunpowder rolls for controlled blasting.
(3) Turning over: turning the strip block over to facilitate its cutting and separation. There are many tools for turning over, including manual jacks, hydraulic rock lifters, airbags, traction methods, гэх мэт. Өнөөгийн байдлаар, Уурхайд ашигладаг гол арга нь жак ба таталтын аргууд юм.
(4) Түлхүүрлэх ба хэсэглэх: Тасалгааны блокыг шаардлагатай хэмжээгээр хэмжээстэй нөөц буюу хог болгон хуваах. Түлхүүрлэх ба хэсэглэх аргуудыг ихэвчлэн салгах аргын төстэй гэж үздэг, голчлон гараар клин ашиглах, нүхлэх ба хуваах, контроллтой дэлбэрэлт болон бусад арга замууд.
(5) Хэлбэржүүлэх: Хэлбэржүүлэх нь хуваагдсан блокыг тодорхой боловсруулалт хийснээр хэмжээний шаардлага хангасан эцсийн хог болгох процесс юм. Хэлбэржүүлэх аргууд нь гараар алхлах, жижиг гарын drills, гарын чулуун drills, бусад алмаазан утас ханцуйн банзнууд, хэлбэржүүлэх машины ашиглах, гэх мэт. Өнөөгийн байдлаар, Уурхайнуудын ашигладаг аргууд нь голчлон гараар алхлах ба улаан тал зүсэх зэрэг энгийн арга юм, механик ажиллагаагүй.
(6) Өргөх ба ачих: Энэ нь боловсруулсан түүхий бүтээгдэхүүнийг тээврийн хэрэгслэл хүргэх процесс юм. There are many kinds of lifting tools. Өнөөгийн байдлаар, most mines use mast cranes, and a few mines also use truck cranes, loaders, and crawler cranes.
(7) Mud removal: It is the process of transporting the crushed non-raw stone away from the raw material processing site.
Technical requirements for granite mining
Under normal conditions, when the production stripping ratio is about 0.3, the minimum economic raw material rate of granite mines is 15% to 25%.
(1) When a mobile crane is used in the mining area, the step height is 4 to 6m; when a small mast crane is used, the step height is less than or equal to 14m; when a large mast crane is used, the step height is less than or equal to 62m. The step slope angle is generally 90°, and the final slope angle is determined according to the stability of the rock mass.
(2) The width of the stone strip is determined according to the performance of the mining equipment, the waste specifications and the crack conditions, and is generally 1 to 3m.
(3) The length of the working face is generally 5 to 15m for manual mining and 15 to 20m for flame cutting machine mining. The minimum working platform width: ерөнхийдөө 20 to 25m.
Overall, the current mining work is mainly in a semi-mechanized and semi-manual mining state, and has not yet formed a certain scale, and the management lacks unification and systematization.
WANLONG TIMES
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